Future Perfect
===
Hi everyone. Welcome back. So we are continuing in our 12 verb tense series and today we are going to be taking a look at the future perfect. So as usual, we'll be defining this tense. We'll be describing its structures, forms, examples, and then ways that we can use this tense in our everyday English. So if you would like notes or a digital quiz on this tutorial, you can check out the link in the description below, so don't forget to do that.
All right, let's go ahead and get started. What is the future perfect? As its name implies, we are looking ahead at something that will be completed at a future time. So our definition is the future tense expresses an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future. Now we don't know the exact time that the activity will be completed, and that's very characteristic of the perfect tenses.
We don't usually have a, a specific time reference or exact time. We just know it's usually some general time. So what is the form? Its form is 'will' plus 'have' + the past participle. So we only use 'have', we don't use 'has' we don't use, 'had', just 'will have'. So let's look at our example sentence. "I will already have studied chapter three before I study chapter four".
So I'm looking ahead into the future and I want to express that I will complete chapter three. Before I begin chapter four, so I have to use the future. Perfect. When I'm talking about the first event that will be completed. So I say "I will already have studied chapter three". I could say "I will have studied chapter three", but you know, sometimes it's very common to use that adverb of time, that adverb already to kind of mean before the expected time.
I wanna say, 'Hey, I'm, I'll be finished with that'. So I'm looking ahead in the future and I say "I will already have studied chapter three". Let's look at another sentence. I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. "By the next time I see you, I will have graduated". So we don't know the exact time that I will graduate, except that you know it will be sometime in June.
But I want to express that, by the time I see you, you know when I see you in July. I will have graduated. My graduation will be complete, so I use the future perfect. With that first event, "I will have graduated". Now we can also switch these clauses and I can say "I will have graduated by the next time I see you".
Next sentence. "I will have finished my homework by the time I go out tonight". So two events in the future. Finish my homework and go out tonight and I will finish my homework first so I use the future perfect. "I will have finished my homework by the time I go out tonight", so I also want to'' mention something else.
Now, notice in these examples. 'By the time', okay, 'by the time' introduces a time clause and we use the simple present in this time clause. It's also another reason why we don't use the future tense in this clause because it's according to the rules and I think I mentioned this before in some of our other lessons, we don't use the future tense in a time clause.
Okay, we don't say "I will have finished my homework by the time I will go out tonight". No. When we say by the time we just use the simple tense 'go', not 'will go'. So just something to remember. Next sentence. "By the end of the week, Jen will have received her driver's license". So two things in the future we're looking ahead to the end of the week, and then Jen receives her driver's license. But Jen receives her driver's license first. So when the end of the week happens, or the end of the week comes, Jen will already have received her driver's license. She won't receive it at the end of the week necessarily. She will already have it. That's the idea. So we say "by the end of the week, Jen will have received her driver's license". We could also switch the clauses and say, "Jen will have received her driver's license by the end of the week".
"By this time next year, Leah will have been away for two years. So here we have a state of 'be', and we use been past participle of 'be' is been. "Leah will have been away". So we look back a year ago. A year ago to the present is one year. Then we look ahead, next year and that will make it two years. So that's where we get the two years from. And we say "Leah will have been away". It's a state of be. So past participle 'been'. Let's look at a few more examples.
"In two years time, I will have completed my college degree". And so also don't forget to add a comma after these time clauses, ' in two years time', comma. Okay? "Before the summer ends, I will have traveled to five countries." "At the end of the month, you will have taken four exams." "By the end of the day, Tom will have read 10 chapters."
Alright, so how can you apply this tense in your own experience? Let's use today, let's say by the end of the day, I will have what? Fill in the blanks. What will you have accomplished or completed or done by the end of the day? Maybe by the end of the day I will have cooked dinner. By the end of the day, I will have picked up my dry cleaning.
How about by this time next year? By this time next year, I will have lived here for so a year from now. How long will you have lived where you are living now? By this time next year, I will have lived here for a year and a half, maybe two years. Fill in the blank. At the end of the month, what will you have accomplished?
By the end of the month, at the end of the month, I will have completed my class. "At the end of the month, I will have made my last car payment." "Next time I see my best friend, I will have returned from my vacation." "Next time I see my best friend, I will have given birth to my first child." Fill these in, and as you fill them in, read them out loud so that you hear these structures and you get used to the way they sound, you get used to using them and saying them. Call a friend, phone a friend, and just tell them you're practicing your English and you're practicing this tense.
All right, so this concludes our brief tutorial on the future perfect. If you found value in this lesson, go ahead and give a like and subscribe, and don't forget to check out the links and the description below. Happy Learning everyone!
